Enabling avatar communication over 5G: the avatar presentation format (ARF) standard

Abstract

Immersive communication and the vision of the “Metaverse” rely on the ability for users to share experiences in 3D virtual and mixed-reality spaces. A crucial aspect of these experiences is the use of avatars – digital representations of users that can convey presence, identity, and expression. Avatars allow people to embody virtual characters or versions of themselves in shared environments, enabling natural interaction and social communication even when physically apart. As augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) technologies advance, the importance of a standardized avatar format grows. An interoperable avatar format would ensure that users can maintain a consistent digital persona across different applications, platforms, and devices, fostering a seamless 3D communication experience. The Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) – within ISO/IEC – has been developing standards for immersive media (MPEG-I), addressing video, audio, and 3D scene representations. Recognizing the need for a common avatar framework, MPEG initiated the Avatar Representation Format (ARF) as part 39 of the MPEG-I ISO/IEC 23090 suite. The goal of ARF is to offer an interoperable exchange format for the storage, carriage, and animation of 3D avatars. In other words, ARF seeks to enable a user’s 3D avatar to be stored, transmitted, and animated in a standard way, so that any conformant system can interpret and render that avatar. By providing a unified format for both the avatar’s visual model and its animations, ARF stands to greatly facilitate immersive communications – from multi-user VR meetings to shared AR experiences – where consistent avatar representation is essential.